Against the background of the present system of financing the EU budget, proposals of two new taxes presented by the European Commission in the framework of the Multiannual financial framework 2014-2020 were discussed: the modified resource based on VAT (the so called new VAT) and a new proposal...

This paper analyses intra-industry trade in the new member States and its impact on the convergence process. The paper investigates the development of intra-industry trade (IIT) of the NMS with major partners between 2000-2007. IIT is separated into horizontal and vertical components on the...

Situation of Poland's public finances has been improving. Helped by solid economic growth in 2011, Poland has reduced its budget deficit in line with the Commission's recommendations. Contrary to earlier forecasts, in 2012 it was slightly above the ceiling of 3% of GDP. It should be further...