Over the past two years, ongoing political transitions in many Arab countries have led to social unrest and an economic downturn. This paper examines comparable historical episodes of political instability to derive implications for the near- and medium-term economic outlook in the Arab...

This report is a comparative study of worldwide transfer costs to nine countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and specifically at costs for immigrants to send money from major sending countries including from the United States. It also compares these international trends with costs and trends of...

This report is a comparative study of worldwide transfer costs to nine countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and specifically at costs for immigrants to send money from major sending countries including from the United States. It also compares these international trends with costs and trends of...

For the millions of citizens in the Arab World who came together in 2010¨C2011 to discover their common yearning for dignity and liberty, the real revolutions only began after the wave of protests. Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings reassess the interests, potential and...

The following section are included:IntroductionWhat Do Democratic Transitions Look Like?How Do Transitions Happen?What Makes Transitions Successful?ConclusionAppendixAcknowledgmentsReferences

The following section are included:IntroductionThe Single-Party Regime and Étatism (1923–1945)Transition to Multi-Party Regime (1946–1950)Infancy Phase of the Multi-Party Regime — Failure on Both Fronts (1950–1960)Multi-Party Regime on a Fragile PathTowards an Open Market EconomyThe...

The following section are included:IntroductionThe FrameworkSocial Order and Economic Conditions in Iran in Early 20th CenturyTransformation of Social Order under Reza ShahEconomic and Political Change under Mohammad-Reza ShahFormation of the Islamic Republic under Ayatollah...

The following section are included:IntroductionModel of Principal and AgentMethods of Fighting Corruption and Relevant EvidenceConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences