Many countries have moved towards more flexible exchange rate regimes over the last decade to take advantage of greater monetary policy autonomy and flexibility in responding to external shocks. Some reluctance to let go of pegged exchange rates persists, however, despite the benefits of...

This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that Singapore has been severely affected by the global downturn. The collapse in external demand has led to a sharp contraction in GDP, which fell by almost 13 percent in the first quarter of 2009. Executive Directors have observed that the floating...

This paper surveys the foreign exchange markets, money and secondary government security markets, and stock exchanges in 107 smaller economy countries. The underdevelopment of these markets impedes risk transfer, monetary policy, corporate financing, and the capacity to absorb capital inflows....

Im Zuge der Aufwertung des Euro gegenüber wichtigen Handelswährungen, insbesondere dem US-Dollar, ist die Europäische Zentralbank vielfach aufgefordert worden zu intervenieren, um dem Aufstieg des Euro Einhalt zu gebieten und so den befürchteten Wachstums- und Beschäftigungsverlusten...

Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Wirksamkeit von Devisenmarktinterventionen im Lichte eines neuen Wechselkursmodells zu bewerten. Dabei steht nicht die Beeinflussung von Fundamentalfaktoren im Vordergrund, sondern die Koordination heterogener Erwartungen unter den Devisenmarktakteuren, die zu...

Financial crisis in Europe and USA originates a set of questions linked to the effectiveness of solution for its impacts. Concerning this fact the growing dynamics of five big economies, so called group as BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, comes to the front of...

The Reserve Bank’s approach to foreign exchange market intervention has evolved since the float of the Australian dollar in 1983, as the Australian foreign exchange market has developed and market participants have become better equipped to manage their foreign exchange risk. Over time,...

The member countries of the International Monetary Fund collaborate to try to assure orderly exchange arrangements and promote a stable system of exchange rates, recognizing that the essential purpose of the international monetary system is to facilitate the exchange of goods, services, and...

Many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries liberalized their economies in the 1980s and early 1990s. This paper reviews the foreign exchange regime reforms in selected SSA, and their associated macroeconomic policies and economic performance during and after these reforms were undertaken. Before...