during vocational education and training and competencies required at working places. A survey of engineers conducted by the … that show the important role of ‘general’ competencies required from engineers at their jobs, such as self …

Scientifiques de France) amongst the engineering graduates, whatever their age and experience. Usually, around 40,000 engineers … answer the questionnaire. In this paper, we used the data from the survey conducted in 2006 and we consider only engineers … first part of the study, earnings of engineers working in R&D will be compared with those of the other engineers. Using …

Engineers play a crucial role in an economy's national system of innovation. This paper focuces on the role of … engineers as managers- with the understanding that the rising technical complexity of the ctivities of the most enterprises and … the central role of technology to economic performance has made it increasingly important to bring engineers into all …