of democratization, I analyze the effects of such institutional solutions when they function perfectly (the best …-case scenario). The models show that even with institutional safeguards, these resources diminish chances for democratization. In …

democratization? We argue that questions about the commitment of Islamic political opposition to democracy beyond a country’s first … free election may hinder Middle Eastern democratization. We extend Przeworski’s canonical model of political … conditions. First, uncertainty regarding the preferences of key elite actors is a necessary condition for democratic transition …

redistribution. I show that social mobility facilitates democratization by reducing the conflict over redistribution between the rich …

relationship between regime strength and the potential for a negotiated democratization is quite complicated. The weakening of a …

externality). A cooperative game theory model is applied. The model empirically shows how the uncontrolled extractions in each sub …