We review the extant literature on market entry modes to explain the multi-levels of the political environment that can have a moderating effect on transnational corporations’ (TNC) market entry processes. Based on a systematic review of the Uppsala model, transaction cost analysis, real...

Rulings made by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement body have, since the organization's creation in 1995, significantly advanced global economic liberalization. The response of business has been varied and far from uniformly supportive of the WTO agenda. The reason stems from...

Governments and ownership structures can both facilitate and constrain organizational value creation. Firm-level political strategy is a frequent response to protect or promote organizational interests. When effectively configured and implemented, these political strategies can become...

<title/> International evidence suggests that the European venture capital market would grow by itself for management buy-out and buy-in type investments but would not function to promote small and medium sized enterprise growth and employment without a stimulus from policy, as the bridge between risk...

Turbulence has become a constant, with an oxymoronic 'predictable unpredictability' nature. What does this mean for enterprising, visionary chief executive officers (CEOs)? Turbulent industries presage that CEOs need to react ever faster and more creatively to take opportunity of the risk to...

The subsidization of firms by their governments is one of the most controversial issues in international trade. As such, international disciplines on subsidy have been developed under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, many states continue to regard state aid as a vital...

In today's multipolar world economy, strategic alignment is a key determinant of competitive advantage. Coca-Cola, Danone, Diageo, DuPont, Lufthansa and Tata are some of the companies that strive for a pragmatic approach to balancing competitive strategies with political and social obligations....

Following the success of budget airlines in Australia, regulatory barriers were eased elsewhere in Asia Pacific to allow the proliferation of low-fare airlines (LFAs). The aim of this paper is to assess whether the profit and growth potential of Asian LFAs are hampered not just by remaining...

The world of multinational enterprises is changing dramatically. Their complex and dynamic international context presents them with special challenges – threatening their survival on one hand, and presenting them with unprecedented opportunities on the other. In this volume, international...