The article deals with the economic policy concepts of three groups that opposed National Socialism: the so-called Freiburg (Eucken, Lampe, Dietze), the Goerdeler, and the Kreisau Circles (Moltke, Yorck). First, the personal relationships among the members of the circles and their relationship...

The "lost" seventh chapter to Schumpeter's first edition of The Theory of Economic Development was planned as a synthesis of the results and as presenting the overall configuration of the economy, as the title of the chapter "The economy as a whole" indicates. The article discusses Schumpeter's...

First, Veblen's distinction between industrial and pecuniary employments with special regard to speculation is introduced. Second, investment banking as a prime example for pecuniary activities is presented. Third, a dominant fundamentalist, market efficiency and a heterodox speculation paradigm...

This paper argues that Weber's outline and research program is only of limited relevance for present-day economic sociology and heterodox economics because Weber had a rather narrow and static understanding of rationality and the economy. Uncertainty, both as a basic fact of economic life and in...