exhibit underpricing; such studies have also attempted to identify the reasons for this underpricing phenomenon. Utilizing … research and development (R&D) can be important factors that influence IPO underpricing. However, these studies have not … demonstrated how venture capital might function as a moderating force between R&D investment and the underpricing of IPOs. This …

contributes to the underpricing literature by focusing on the complementary or rather competing role of venture capitalists and …/or underwritten by a top bank are expected to show less underpricing at the initial public offering (IPO) due to a reduced ex …

upon lockup expiration. We argue that this was not a coincidence. Underwriters benefited from underpricing vis …

This article analyses the impact of the participation of venture capital (VC) firms on underpricing in 372 businesses … of variables which may affect the extent of underpricing. These include uncertainty inducing factors such as the age … contemporaneous IPOs, underpricing trends and market price movements. Finally in addition to allowing for the impact of underwriting …

In this paper, we study the underpricing, long-run performance of IPOs and the impact of underpricing on secondary … market liquidity of IPOs which were issued in India during the period 2000-2008. The average underpricing for Indian IPOs is … 37%. Uncertainty, information asymmetry and investor optimism are the factors which explain underpricing. The IPOs which …

costs of over and underpricing. Assuming that the goal of issuers in bookbuilt IPOs is to maximize net offering proceeds … underpricing. Similarly, considering the expected costs of overpricing makes the underpricing of best-efforts IPOs in the interest …