Previous research into internationalisation has viewed it as being an export-led phenomenon. Although this is a phenomenon that extends to other activities such as licensing and manufacture overseas, it is usually considered from an 'outward' perspective. In this paper it is argued that...

Traditional approaches towards countertrade view it in terms of the characteristics of isolated actors engaging in different forms of countertrade. An alternative approach for understanding countertrade is provided by the network paradigm. Countertrade, because of its complexity, reciprocity and...

Previous research on internationalisation has mainly focused on the collection and use of information. In this article we examine the role of information internalisation in international business activities of Vietnamese firms. A theoretical model incorporating key antecedents and outcomes of...

International marketers face the challenge of understanding the decision making process that consumers in subsistence marketplaces go through when choosing which products to buy. The unique characteristics of these marketplaces pose distinct challenges which researchers need to address in order...

This paper describes interurban variations in venture capital investment characteristics. Regional, funding, and industrial sector preferences are characterised for ten of the most active venture capital centres. Investment data document the importance of these centres as importers and exporters...

Multinational subsidiaries constitute a potential source of social capital for SMEs that can help in the internationalisation process. Such social capital is particularly valuable because it is a form of bridging (socially heterogeneous), rather than bonding (socially homogenous), social...

Firms that enter foreign markets must decide on the extent to which they will internalize their distribution channels. There is a continuum of choice, ranging from one extreme where the firm performs all marketing and distribution functions itself, to the other where intermediaries take title to...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often have difficulty competing in the global economy unless they collaborate with domestic or foreign partners or with public sector organizations. This book addresses the resource leverage and innovation challenges that increased global trade...