Durch den Wegfall von Grenzkontrollen würden die EG-Mitgliedsstaaten Kosten in Höhe von 2% des Warenwertes einsparen. Es würden aber auch die für den Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz wichtigen Überprüfungen von Importen von Lebensmitteln, Pflanzen, Tieren, Pflanzen- und Tiererzeugnissen die...

Im Regelwerk des „General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade“ (GATT) werden seit langer Zeit nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse bei gleichem Außenschutz als wesentlich problematischere handelspolitische Instrumente angesehen als tarifäre Handelshemmnisse. Ein bedeutender Grund ist, dass...

We address the trade effect of restrictive product standards on the margins of trade, by matching a detailed panel of French firm exports with a new database compiling the list of Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary regulatory measures that have been raised as a concern in dedicated committees of the...

The IFAMR is published quarterly by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association. More info: www.ifama.org

The East African Customs Union was established in 2005 with the aim of increasing intraregional trade. The Customs Union protocol commits member states to eliminate non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to intraregional trade. However, several NTBs are still applied by member states. This study identifies...

Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) on pesticides and veterinary drugs in plant and animal products are established to promote food safety and animal and plant health. In practice, however, they are often accused of creating unnecessary trade barriers. The controversy is more prominent when a given...

The efficacy of the entry price policy in the European fresh fruits and vegetables sector is not well understood. We investigate econometrically the efficacy of the import policy. The analysis estimates a threshold vector autoregressive model using data on imports the main competing country on...

This paper develops a model of a trade agreement that puts at centre stage the competing interests between ?rms within a sector: Larger ?rms tend to be pro-trade liberalization whereas smaller ?rms favor protection. This set-up contrasts with the prior literature in economics that has tended to...

Japan showed strong economic recovery from the crisis. Executive Directors welcomed the development and stressed the need for a strong monetary framework, well-designed fiscal consolidation, and structural reforms. Directors agreed that the Bank of Japan’s monetary framework is well...