Income earned by the branches and subsidiaries of multinational firms can be either reinvested in the host country or repatriated as dividends to the firms' headquarters. Despite the rapid growth of foreign direct investment in the 1990s, there has been relatively limited analysis of the...

Muchos problemas del desarrollo van más allá de las fronteras nacionales y tienen un carácter regional e incluso global. El reconocimiento de estos retos, los cuales van de la transmisión de enfermedades entre fronteras hasta la dispersión de inestabilidad financiera global, ha llevado a...

Muchos problemas del desarrollo van más allá de las fronteras nacionales y tienen un carácter regional e incluso global. El reconocimiento de estos retos, los cuales van de la transmisión de enfermedades entre fronteras hasta la dispersión de inestabilidad financiera global, ha llevado a...

We use data on the sources of debt finance of U.S. majority-owned foreign affiliates in 53 countries over the period 1983 to 2001 to examine the role of financial market development, and exposure to host country-specific risk on the financing choices of these affiliates. We find that total...

This paper charts key aspects of the expansion of Russia’s banking systems following the deep financial and currency crisis of 1998. It puts the growth of Russian banks into the context of the expansion of the financial system more broadly, and studies the impact of key regulatory reforms, in...

La Revista Integración & Comercio del BID incluye artículos referidos a las distintas manifestaciones del proceso de integración en América Latina y el Caribe, a la integración hemisférica y, también, a los procesos con igual orientación que se llevan a cabo en otras partes del mundo....

Based on U.S. data, the returns on foreign direct investment in emerging markets are shown to be substantially higher than would be suggested by official balance of payments statistics. This paper identifies the determinants of FDI profitability in 43 industrialized and developing countries....

We assess the current barriers to trade in financial services in the six Central American countries seeking a free trade agreement with the United States (the CAFTA) and examine the relative merits of regional and multilateral liberalization. Even though there are few formal barriers,...

This paper reviews the characteristics of international trade in services and of the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) framework, which was established to regulate it. Further liberalization of services trade in developing countries, as currently...