Per capita income, country size, and economic growth are often seen as being major determinants of rail track expansion in developing countries. However, we could not empirically verify these explanations for rail expansion using recent World Bank data for a set of 35 developing countries....

In the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying the `guns versus butter' tradeoff facing developing countries. This article examines Pakistan's military expenditures between 1973 and 1986 and estimates both a short-run impact model and long-run adjustment model to...