This paper addresses the relationship between the level of violence and the opium market in Afghanistan’s provinces. We … nexus opium-insurgency activities using monthly time-series data on opium prices and the number of security incidents for 15 …-induced reduction in opium prices, while the reverse opium-violence mechanism is mostly negligible. Moreover, unobservable common …

We model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production in Afghanistan. Specifically, we examine the impact … of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops are produced in … will lead to less land being allocated to opium poppy. However, when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, the …

In this paper, we model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production at farm level in Afghanistan …. Specifically, we examine the impact of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops … available, an increased risk of having the opium poppy eradicated will lead to less land being allocated to opium poppy. Thus …

producer of opium. Pakistan faces a task of controlling, cultivating, producing and trafficking narcotics within its territory … implemented by the government of Pakistan such as supply reduction by eradicating cultivation of opium poppy, reducing the demand …

Despite a century of global prohibition, the world?s illicit opium production has never been as important as in the … 2000s. But for a few exceptions, opium bans, forced eradication, and alternative development have failed to reach their … improved but has also failed to suppress or even reduce illicit opium production. …