Where land-use controls are advanced for use in environmental protection programs, strong political objections usually arise. To reduce this threat, Maryland's Critical Area Law was structured to provide landowners with equity preserving options and to present jurisdictions with the opportunity...

Designation of historic districts is increasingly used as a tool to revive or halt the deterioration of central-city neighbourhoods. While historic designation is generally thought to have a positive impact on property values, evidence on this issue is mixed. One limitation of previous research...

Smart growth is characterized by five main activities: control of outward movement; inner-area revitalization and growth in more central places; design innovations; land and natu-ral resource preservation; and transportation reorientation. Compared with traditional sprawl development, smart...