Under ex ante access regulation entrants often claim that access fees are excessive. I show that this is only the case … strictly positive access fee which may exceed the efficient level. Ex post regulation facilitates this type of collusion and …

This paper reviews the economic theories of regulation. It discusses the public and private interest theories of … regulation, as the criticisms that have been leveled at them. The extent to which these theories are also able to account for … privatization and deregulation is evaluated and policies involving re-regulation are discussed. The paper thus reviews rate of …