Pharmacist-managed ESA clinics were less costly and more effective than usual care in patients receiving ESAs for anemia and NDD-CKD. Results were robust to variation and support the use of pharmacist-managed ESA clinics. </AbstractSection> Copyright Springer International Publishing Switzerland (outside the USA)...

Total hip and knee replacements (THR and TKR) are high-risk settings for venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review summarizes the cost effectiveness of VTE prophylaxis regimens for THR and TKR. We searched MEDLINE (January 1997 to October 2009), EMBASE (January 1997 to June 2009) and the UK NHS...

We use the retrospective, covering the years 1989 - 1994, Estonian Labor Force Survey to examine potential wage discrimination against women. We look at fulltime workers of Estonian and Russian ethnicity in the years 1989, the Soviet period, and 1994, the last full year of the survey and three...

We investigate whether geography (temperature and access to international markets), child healthcare, and education matter in economic development for a panel of 44 poor and non-poor countries using random effects GLS analysis over the period 1980-1997. Temperature and market access are...

The focus of this article is to examine the recent historical record of the US equity and government bond markets in an attempt to associate negative return correlations between the two series to identify flight-to-safety episodes. Using the Inclan-Tsiao algorithm to date changes in equity...

This article examines Estonian age/earnings profiles using 1995 and 1997 Estonian Labour Force Survey data. The results indicate that the overall profile for males is quite different from that of an established market economy. However, the shape of the profile depends on whether one works in the...