Here is how the 1817 Ricardo comparative advantage trade benefit analysis has to be modified to take account of post-1960 Sraffian benefits from capital-using technologies. By bringing J. S. Mill's demand model up to date in terms of its implicit geometric-mean money-metric utility, specific...

Developing science does depend on special individuals. But it is the cooperative and competitive interplay of many contributors that makes the whole greater than the sum of its parts. Also understanding grows temporally in fits and starts. The 1750-1848 Age of Hume-Torrens-Ricardo-J. S. Mill was...

Even the best investors seem to find it hard to do better than the comprehensive common-stock averages, or better on the average than random selection among stocks of comparable variability. Examination of historical samples of percentage changes in a stock's price show that, when these relative...