Empirical research on voluntary disclosure lacks an appropriate measurement technique for quantifying the intensity of a firm's disclosure. In this paper, I introduce artificial intelligence measurement of disclosure (AIMD), a computerised technique for measuring disclosure using artificial...

This paper investigates the relationship between annual report disclosure, market liquidity, and capital cost for firms registered on the Deutsche Börse. Disclosure is comprehensively measured using the innovative Artificial Intelligence Measurement of Disclosure (AIMD). Results show that...