Proportionality of social production is a necessary means of attaining high national economic results. In a planned economy the improvement of the final results of production is manifested in raising the degree of satisfaction of social needs, i.e., is determined by the degree to which the...

The decisions of the June 1987 Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee provide a solid foundation for elaborating a theoretical concept to underly management of the agrarian sector of society. The task of the authors is to provide well-grounded methodological principles of such a system of...

We explore the hold-up problem when trading parties can make specific investments simultaneously or sequentially. As previously emphasized in the literature, sequencing of investments can allow some projects to proceed that would not be feasible with a simultaneous regime. This is not always the...

We explore hold-up when trading parties can make specific investments simultaneously or sequentially. With simultaneous investment both investors are held-up. With sequential investment contracting becomes possible after the project has commenced, so the second investor avoids being held-up. If...

In publications devoted to study of rural labor resources, much attention has recently been given to the underutilization of the labor force in agriculture due to the seasonal nature of work and to technological progress. Certainly these questions a r e of substantial significance. However, of...

The ice-research station “North Pole 32” (NP 32) was established on the ice pack in the Arctic Ocean in 2003 and drifted up to February 2004, when a “global” perturbation in the sea-ice-cover caused the intensive ice fragmentation around the actual position of the NP 32. As a result, the...