Brazilian universities were created initially with a teaching mission, later incorporating research activities along with the implementation of graduate programs. Recently, new public policies supporting the innovation process have been implemented to encourage universities to assume a more...

In post-socialist countries there is a mismatch between highly developed S&T human resources and lagging industrial restructuring. The lack of incentives and assistance, which discourage many more people from applying their research skills to industry, is the greatest blockage to these countries...

Norrköping, a small urban area formerly dependent upon old labour-intensive industries, has developed a knowledge-based renewal strategy inspired by ideas emanating from its superseded local economy. Using a longitudinal case study, this paper explicates the dynamics of change among a triple...

With this paper I discuss the importance of permeability among university–industry–government boundaries based on the experience of MIT and Boston, Stanford and Silicon Valley, the Research Triangle and North Carolina, and Newcastle University and Northeast UK. Encouraging permeability in...

This paper discusses the “Vanish Box phenomenon” found among female scientists who migrate from academia to new occupations emerging at the intersection between science and business, like technology transfer. These occupations offer not only new career paths, but also more favourable work...