There has been a growing concern about “Bad Start, Bad Finish (BS/BF)” issues in European countries for the last decade. Many young persons make a bad start to their working career and remain as atypical workers for long periods, being anticipated to reach retirement age with inadequate...

There arose a serious pension record-keeping problem in Japan from May 2007. Around 50 million pension records of social security were found to be floating, not being integrated to the unified pension numbers. The pending records are due to human errors made by enrollees, their employers and...

In 1988, the total fertility rate (TFR, the number of children per family) of Japan was 1.38, recording a historic low. To date, there is little sign of any stop to this fertility decline. If the low birthrate continues, in a few years the total population of Japan will peak at around 128...

This paper investigates the household saving behavior by different cohorts with various household characteristics in Japan. Pooling the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in 1984, 1989 and 1994, the cohort analysis finds a substantial behavioral difference in the baby-boomer...