fairness of the language regime of the European Patent Office (EPO), which is currently based on three official languages …-speaking applicants are at least 30 % lower than those borne by European applicants whose first language is not one of the current … official languages of the EPO. In order to correct language-related cost asymmetries, we explore two possible alternative …

In order to design and validate an English Language Policy Inventory (ELPI) in Iran sixty four indicators were selected … English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English for Special Purposes (ESP). The responses of the teachers were subjected to …

This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism. The analysis is staged in Kazakhstan …, a multi-ethnic country with complex ethnic settlement patterns that has switched its official state language from … bilingualism on earnings while Russian was the official state language in the 1990s. Surprisingly, the Kazakh language continues to …

learn the language which is not his or her mother tongue. Language skills are productive in a human capital sense and can … spillovers associated with second language acquisition may imply there is not enough bilingualism relative to the social optimum …. Depending on the parameter values of the model, policies of either encouraging or discouraging the investment in language skills …

This paper considers the role of language in labour earnings in South Africa over the period 1996 to 1998. Our pooled …

European Law, analyses present day French legislation and jurisprudence applicable to the use of language. It therefore starts … French language, according to which French Republicanism has always been hostile tominority languages. It then shows how the … constitutional protection of the French language has been an unforeseen by-product of the ratification of the Treaty of Maastricht in …

based on the "state language" concept affects the European linguistic diversity itself.Nevertheless, the express legal …

In this paper I would like to elaborate on the interaction between law and language. The use of the different (legal … pan-European terminology and rules. This contribution will reflect the need of a better and more coherent legal language …

pre- and post-accession phases (1997-2008) and five minority protection related issue areas (non-discrimination, language …