Vorteilhaftigkeit bezogen sich in der Regel auf Teilaspekte: entweder nur die Kosten- oder nur die Steuereffekte wurden untersucht … geben, wobei Kosten- und Steuereffekte gleichermaßen berücksichtigt werden. Dabei steht nicht die Frage im Vordergrund …

By analyzing a comprehensive dataset on transport transactions in Japan, we describe a directional imbalance in freight … transport flow. There are certain numbers of observed links which show asymmetric transport costs. Instrumental variable …

illustration shows that the CFDI firms should have the highest productivity when trade costs between the U.S. and Mexico are low … consistent with this hypothesis for a period of relatively low trade costs. Our results indicate the importance of trade costs in …

Geographic distance is a standard proxy for transport costs under the simple assumption that freight fees increase … time affect freight costs across shipping modes, commodity groups, and prefecture pairs. The results show substantial … heterogeneity in transport costs and time across shipping modes. Consistent with an iceberg formulation of transport costs, distance …

, ökologische Altlasten. Als weiteres Problem gilt die Rezession in Japan. …

modifying the way(s) they have traditionally grown cotton. This paper compares seven alternative production systems to the costs …