This paper provides an analysis of co-benefits for traditional air pollutants made possible through global climate policies using the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model in the time horizon up to 2050. The impact analysis is based on projections of energy...

This paper analyses factors that contributed to the evolution of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions in Europe from 1960 to 2010. Historical energy balances, along with population and economic growth data, are used to quantify the impacts of major determinants of changing emission levels, including...</subscript></subscript></subscript>

The European Commission has proposed air quality standards for NO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> to be in force by 2010. The present paper presents a study that gauged their costs and benefits. An analysis of the expected emissions for 2010 (reference emission scenario), using simplified air quality models,...</subscript></subscript></subscript>

This paper explores the analytical and empirical properties of a new method for emission trading according to a fixed exchange rate. The exchange rate is based on the ratios of the marginal costs of abatement in the optimal solution in order to account for the impact of the location of emission...

Air quality is a serious concern for the protection of human health and our natural environment. The pollutants contributing the most to both local and transboundary air pollution problems are SO₂, NO_x, NH₃, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and fine particulate matter (PM), and mostly...

The rise of logistics is explained by three factors. The first factor is an economic one: The development of a mass consumption society. In European countries, one can observe mass motorization and a gradual expansion of the motorway networks between 1960 and 1990. These networks facilitated...