The closed systems nature of neoclassical models of economic growth - guaranteeing automatic equality between planned savings and investment which, in turn, ensures stability of such models - is achieved by assuming away the existence of uncertainty inherent in economic systems. Once the role of...

Credit shortages are widely thought to explain the output contraction in former Soviet Union (FSU) countries during the 1990s. It is argued here that these shortages were the result of an ahistorical approach to policymaking which ignored the time needed for the establishment and further...

The purpose of the paper is to explore the potential for applying fuzzy logic to economic decision-making under Keynesian uncertainty, and in particular to circumstances where variety of opinion is important. Fuzzy logic is shown to apply where expectations may differ because the nature of the...

What is very often overlooked in the literature is that the Harrod's Post- Keynesian growth model is more to do with the problem of instability in a market economy which is caused by the role of expectations of the investors. The neoclassical model of growth due to Solow achieves stability not...

The current practice of central banks lending gold to gold producers allows the gold leasing rate to be derived from published data. Gold leasing rates, a potential measure of real world interest rates, are calculated and compared with real interest rates derived from U.K. index-linked gilts....