During the last years, worker cooperatives have greatly increased in Colombia. Many public and private enterprises subcontract with Associated Worker Cooperatives in order to benefit from considerable savings stemming from outsourcing and tax exemptions that cooperatives enjoy. These savings...

ILO pub. Article on the role of ILO international labour standards in influencing labour law reform in Spain - distinguishes between indirect influence of public opinion and trade union attitudes, semi-direct influence of ILO Constitution, and direct influence of ratified ILO Conventions, and...

"The years of transition in Central and Eastern Europe brought with them the unprecedented - in these societies - phenomenon of restructuring with dismissals and growing unemployment. Moreover with the emergence and development of the private sector, new enterprises started to leave former...

The paper deals with the importance of trade unions in former times and at the present time. The author compares the living conditions of working people, the forms and conditions of labor markets and the state of enterprises in the second half of the 19th century as essential causes of the trade...