We argue that in this age of globalization, important R&D-in automobiles and wireless telecommunication-exhibits a decisive home bias. This contrasts with findings on the rate and extent of globalization of the aggregate of activities classified as R&D. Sorting out R&D was deemed important at...

[eng] The international economy is undergoing, very fundamental transformation, both as concerns the extent and nature of international competition and as concerns the Japanese revolution in production methods and organization : the emergence of the « learn production » model or Toyotisme.....

There is currently a fundamental transformation of services, a transformation central to the growth of productivity and competition in the global economy. This transformation, a response to commodification generated by decomposition of production and intensified competition in global markets, is...