. The paper discusses when and why clientelism on the basis of party affiliation may arise. Operationally, party …-based clientelism is defined as a bias of public policy in favour of members of the governing political party. In a sample of local … governments in India, party-based clientelism is shown to exist in two out of four states and to be strongly affected by economic …

The paper argues that for political reasons elected politicians are more likely to be engaged in targeted … redistribution than appointed bureaucrats. It uses the example of patronage jobs in the U.S. local governments to provide empirical … the case of politicians, which is consistent with younger bureaucrats having stronger career concerns. …

Are housing provision systems in southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) different from those in northern …

In den vergangenen 20 Jahren erlebte Spanien einen bedeutenden Anstieg der Binnenmobilität, insbesondere eine …

Lopez-Bazo E., Del Barrio T. and Artis M. (2005) Geographical distribution of unemployment in Spain, Regional Studies … intradistribution dynamics to analyse the extent of regional inequalities in unemployment rates in Spain over the last decades. It also …