This note builds upon research by Estrin and Uvalić that shows that the labor-managed firm (LMF) in the Yugoslav economy was much closer to the enterprise in Soviet-type economies than has usually been believed. It attempts to characterize concisely the Yugoslav enterprise, underline the...

This is a model of a pure hierarchy which oversees a given number of productive units. Its aim is to minimize costs, which are the sum of wage costs and costs caused by delays in decision making. The advantage of the model is that it permits the calculation of an optimum formal structure of the...

This note tries to apply two versions of Sah and Stiglitz's "The Architecture of Economic Systems: Hierarchies and Polyarchies" model (SandS) to highlight some important differences between the development paths of India, the largest democracy, and China, the largest of the few remaining...