Energy taxation is more complex and more controversial in Canada than in most or all other countries, for three main reasons. First, under the constitution, most natural resources are owned by the provinces, with important powers of regulation and taxation in the hands of the provincial and...

[eng] Japan's recent experiences of quantitative economic planning. Chekashi Moriguchi. Japon has used macro-economic models to formulate medium-term economic projections since 1964. Thus the New Economic and Social Plan for 1979-1985 has set goals for real economic growth (5.7 % per year) and...

It is frequently said that the Japanese economy has a strong capacity to transform itself. The capacity to transform is the ability to convert rapidly. "Convertibility" is the ability to adapt quickly to a rapidly changing environment. The history of Japanese modernization is a history of...

Spurred by stronger regulatory requirements, banks have steadily increased their capital ratios since the financial crisis. For a sample of 82 large global banks from advanced and emerging economies, retained earnings accounted for the bulk of the increase in risk-weighted capital ratios over...

When addressing issues of global finance, we are accustomed to thinking of money as effectively insular: each currency sovereign within the territorial frontiers of a single state or monetary union. In fact, cross-border currency competition has become increasingly prevalent. Money today is...

This paper re-introduces the georgic ethic and the role it has historically played in debates about new agricultural practices. Public engagement, participatory research, and greater local involvement in crafting new means to work the land flood the literature of agrarian studies. Putting the...