This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is poised for a modest recovery in 2013, after disappointing growth in 2012 that was owing to largely supply constraints, including maintenance operations in the energy sector and an industrial dispute in the...

To shed light on the difficulties in discussing the issue of protectionism, this study analyzes the overall impact of non-tariff measures (NTM) to the Philippine exports. It also attempts to make an inventory of NTM imposed by United States, Japan and European countries, affecting most, if not...

In recent years there has been a revival of interest in the trade-growth nexus. A number of authors have suggested that regional economic integration and liberalization of international trade are likely to have positive effects not only on productivity levels but also on long-term productivity...

This paper studies the regional distribution of the benefits from trade in Mexico after NAFTA. Specifically, we ask whether or not NAFTA has increased the concentration of economic activity in Mexico. Unlike previous work which uses state-level data, we identify the effect of NAFTA on economic...

Developing countries have low levels of savings and investment. As a result most developing countries have to rely on Foreign Capital Inflows (FCI) to generate sufficient saving in order to achieve high levels of growth. Pakistan is one of those countries that rely heavily on external flows to...