Jewish, Christian, and Islamic scriptures, confirms Adam as the first man created by God in Heaven. His ingredients were clay and water. To lessen his loneliness Eve was created from the rib  of Adam.  Adam and Eve were living in Paradise happily. The Satan became their enemy. He deceived...

The paper empirically investigates the effects of various economic, legal, meteorological and technical factors in explaining the theft from electric utilities in Pakistan. We obtained elasticity of electricity theft with respect to different variables mentioned. Panel data from nine utilities...

This paper discusses how poor debt management combined with the policies of donor agencies (particularly the IMF) have brought on the present domestic and foreign debt crises. The paper presents a qualitative account of the debt in Pakistan and then analyzes the debt data using various debt...

This paper analyzes a range of host country characteristics that determine foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries, using panel data on 72 countries for the period 1970-2008. Keeping in view the endogeneity problem of the chosen host country’s characteristics, the model...

The analysis of this study explores a set of macroeconomic variables along with market return as the systematic sources of risks explaining variations in expected stock returns for 49 stocks traded at Karachi Stock Exchange for the period 1993-2004. Some of these economic variables are found to...

Using annual data from 1961 to 2005 growth rate of gross domestic product at the constant prices of year 2000 is taken in the dependent variable and growth rates of employment level, gross fixed capital formation and lag dependent variable are all the explanatory variables, we obtained total...

In the presence of a progressive consumption (wage income) tax, the marginal cost of consumption (leisure) is rising and the life-cycle allocation problem of an individual is presentable in the framework of a monopsony. Although the progressive taxes do not in general alter the qualitative...

This study examines the Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964) Lintner (1965) and Black (1972) as the benchmark model in the asset pricing theory. The empirical findings indicate that the Sharpe-Lintner-Black CAPM inadequately, particularly the explains Pakistan’s equity market...

This paper empirically examines the impact of productivity shocks on nominal exchange rate movements of Pak-rupee against currencies of its major trading partners using quarterly time-series data for the flexible exchange rate period (1983Q1 to 2006Q4). By taking into account the endogeneity...

Using micro-level household data for rural and urban Pakistan, this study estimates Engel equations for 22 commodity groups with quadratic spline specification, in which the number and locations of knots are determined through a search procedure. The study finds that the resulting flexibility...