Bosker, Maarten; Buringh, Eltjo; Zanden, Jan Luiten van - In: The Review of Economics and Statistics 95 (2013) 4, pp. 1418-1437
to Europe. Using a large new city-specific data set covering Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, we unravel the … reasons for the Islamic world's stagnation and Europe's long-term success are specific to each region: any significant … local participative government in Europe that made cities less dependent on the state explain why Europe's urban development …