The interaction between investment in children’s education and parental fertility is crucial in recent theories of the …–quality trade-off with new county-level evidence for Prussia in 1816, several decades before the demographic transition. We find a … significant negative causal effect of education on fertility, which is robust to accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The …

The interaction between investment in children’s education and parental fertility is crucial in recent theories of the …-quality trade-off with new county-level evidence for Prussia in 1816, several decades before the demographic transition. We find a … significant negative causal effect of education on fertility, which is robust to accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The …

factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … Prussian county data from three censuses--1816, 1849, and 1867--to estimate the relationship between women’s education and … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a …

factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … Prussian county data from three censuses - 1816, 1849, and 1867 - to estimate the relationship between women's education and … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a …

. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. … demographic transition, exploiting a unique census-based dataset of 334 Prussian counties in 1849. Estimating two separate … instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by …

. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. … demographic transition, exploiting a unique census-based dataset of 334 Prussian counties in 1849. Estimating two separate … instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by …

of fertility have ambiguous effects. The analysis almost completely characterizes the equilibrium path from ancient times …