Describes the development of labour market institutions and policies in eight Commonwealth of Independent CIS countries …

, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, and Turkmenistan are among the top fossil fuel exporters in the region. Both …

conducted in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Changes in income and expenditure under trade liberalization at … countries may improve the adaptive capacity of the small scale producers especially in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan …

attendance, living in capital cities was associated with an increase in attendance frequency in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, while … residing in a wealthier household was associated with an increase in frequency in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Measures to … in all countries. Living in a rural area reduced the likelihood of attendance in all countries except Kazakhstan. Other …

CIS Central Asia’s structural heterogeneity may have deepened since the global crisis of 2008–09. Kazakhstan and … Turkmenistan are relatively rich oil and gas exporters, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan are poor energy importers, and … Uzbekistan is a more diversified but still rather poor economy. The rich hydrocarbon exporters typically achieve “twin surpluses …

The five countries of Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan – became … the five countries of Central Asia—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Map 1). Previously … similar results have been obtained for the Trans-Caucasian states—Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan (Lerman 2006) and to a …

Kasachstan und Usbekistan ab. Die kleinen Volkswirtschaften Turkmenistan und Tadschikistan sind durch Sonderfaktoren beeinflußt …Analysiert wird die wirtschaftliche Lage in den fünf GUS-Republiken in Mittelasien - Kasachstan, Usbekistan, Kirgistan … Volkswirtschaften Kasachstan und Usbekistan weisen Indikatoren auf, die seit Ende 1994 eine deutliche Abschwächung des wirtschaftlichen …