"Before industrialization, traditional communities - families, local neighborhoods, and religious groups - were meant to safeguard their members from risks like poverty. As the transition into industrialization produced new risks or generalized previously limited risks, this fallback system...

"This paper provides an overview of the sequential shift towards activating labour market and social policy in Germany. It not only shows the changes in the instruments of active and passives labour market policies but also analyzes the implications of this change for the political economy, the...

"Before industrialization, traditional communities - families, local neighborhoods, and religious groups - were meant to safeguard their members from risks like poverty. As the transition into industrialization produced new risks or generalized previously limited risks, this fallback system...

"This paper provides an overview of the sequential shift towards activating labour market and social policy in Germany. It not only shows the changes in the instruments of active and passives labour market policies but also analyzes the implications of this change for the political economy, the...

Die bisher in mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern existierenden Systeme sozialer Sicherung sind nicht in der Lage, die sozialen Auswirkungen der Reformen - insbesondere steigende Arbeitslosigkeit und Reallohneinkommensverluste - wirksam abzufedern. Kurzfristig muß verhindert werden, daß...