This chapter addresses three issues that are central to understanding the effects of the transition in China from central planning to a more market-oriented economic system. First, what have been the consequences of the economic reforms for the distribution of income in urban areas? Second, what...

This publication is part of a series of books on comparative best practices in social development between Latin America and the Caribbean and East Asia undertaken by the Institute for Social Development (INDES) and the Japan Program of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). INDES is both a...

The concept of capital-intensity, defined as the ratio of capital to labour, has been used widely in both theoretical and applied problems of planning. These ratios have often been used in forecasting, e.g., ip measuring the possible expansion of employment that would be generated from a given...

Planning for the national economy is an infinitely complicated process. It involves the harmonization of a large number of independent decisions taken I- by a great many agencies and groups often representing conflicting interests in order to achieve certain targets which are sometimes...