This article attempts to formalize and extend Putnam's conjecture that greater domestic constraints can be a bargaining advantage in international negotiations by means of a more realistic model of negotiator behavior. Unlike her counterpart in Putnam, the negotiator in my model has a direct...

Little attention has been paid to how and when economic sanctions end, especially compared with the amount of research on their effectiveness. A game in which the ending of sanctions is part of interstate bargaining about a contested policy is analyzed. In case of audience costs, sanctions may...

Contrary to the dominant view that the developmental state evolved to reduce transaction costs (such as moral hazard), it is argued that it represented, first and foremost, a policy compromise between business and government over redistribution and market competitiveness. This compromise was...