Selected measures in agricultural production are presented which reduce the national nitrogen soil surface balances and the nitrogen loads in the waters of Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania entering the Danube River. The measures are appraised empirically by calculating the ratio between...

How "sustainable" are Austria's local authorities? Does the system of revenue sharing foster or hinder their economic performance, is it suited to create a social balance and promote an ecological approach in local activities, or is it without any impact on sustainability-related objectives?

Many attempts to operationalize the ecological concept of sustainability have been undertaken by the economics profession during recent years. It seems that many mainstream economists tend to focus their research on the assumption of substitutability between man-made (manufactured) capital and...