The history of the global oil industry is essential to understand the rise of multinational enterprises. Petrobras, in particular, has started to exploit in international markets the world-class technology it developed to exploit deepwater oil fields. PDVSA, on the other hand, has focused its...

The emergence of a "second wave" of developing country multinational enterprises (MNEs) in a variety of industries is one of the characterizing features of globalization. This paper documents how emerging markets' MNEs (EM-MNEs) may follow quite different patterns to reach, or at least approach,...

The emergence of a "second wave" of developing-country multinational enterprises (MNEs) in a variety of industries is one of the characterizing features of globalization. These new MNEs did not delay their internationalisation until they were large, as did most of their predecessors, and often...

The present article sheds light on the process that has allowed a firm from a developing economy to transform itself successfully from an original equipment manufacturer to an own original brand manufacturer multinational enterprise. We study the case of Arcelik, a consumer electronics MNE from...

• Regional integration in sub-Saharan Africa is becoming a vehicle for enhancing private investment through confidence building. Setting clear and easy-to-track priorities is key to achieving these policy goals. • Regional policy harmonisation or joint infrastructure projects are needed to...

In this paper, we analyse the potential contribution of the Internet and its commercial application to the development process in poor countries. In historical perspective, the Internet has diffused at a far faster rate than earlier generations of communications technology: from 1990 to early...