Testing the equality of two independent normal populations is a perfect case of the two-sample problem, yet it is not treated in the main text of any textbook or handbook. In this article, we derive the exact distribution of the likelihood ratio test and implement this test with an R function....

Despite international focus on how to facilitate adaptation to droughts in a changing climate, a good deal of adaptation will be enacted at the local level. Focusing on the Yuanyang Terrace of SW China (a very famous agricultural heritage site), this study illustrates that land use change,...

In this paper, the concept acceptance number has been incorporated to the single level continuous sampling plan CSP-1. The advantage of the proposed plan, designated as the CSP-C plan, is to achieve a reduction in the average fraction inspected at good quality levels. Nomographs for the design...

In this paper, a modification is proposed on the tightened two-level continuous sampling plan. The tightened two-level plan is one of the three tightened multi-level continuous sampling plans of Derman et al. (1957) with two sampling levels. A modified tightened two-level continuous sampling...

For high-quality processes, non-conforming items are seldom observed and the traditional p (or np) charts are not suitable for monitoring the state of the process. A type of chart based on the count of cumulative conforming items has recently been introduced and it is especially useful for...

High-yield production processes that involve a low fraction non-conforming are becoming more common, and the limitations of the standard control charting procedures for such processes are well known. This paper examines the control procedures based on the conforming unit run lengths applied to...

This paper extends the concept of chain sampling to variables inspection when the standard deviation of the normally distributed characteristic is known. A discussion of the shape of the known sigma single-sampling variables plan is given. The chain sampling plan for variables inspection will be...

The zero acceptance number plan is invariably used for compliance sampling and safety inspection of products. The disadvantage of such a plan is that its discriminating power between good and bad lots is poor. This paper presents a quick switching system that has zero acceptance numbers, with a...

In this paper, a new tightening concept has been incorporated into the single-level continuous sampling plan CSP-1, such that quality degradation will warrant sampling inspection to cease beyond a certain number of sampled items, until new evidence of good quality is established. The expressions...