Various univariate and multivariate models of volatility have been used to evaluate market risk, asymmetric shocks, thresholds, leverage effects, and Value-at-Risk in economics and finance. This article is concerned with market risk, and develops a constant conditional correlation vector...

Following the rapid growth in the international debt of less developed countries in the 1970s and the increasing incidence of debt rescheduling in the early 1980s, country risk has become a topic of major concern for the international financial community. A critical assessment of country risk is...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (ACDC) are critical to the global temperature control system and climate change, with ACDC levels having increased rapidly since the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1700s, and the climate having become quite unstable with significant...

The country risk literature argues that country risk ratings have a direct impact on the cost of borrowings as they reflect the probability of debt default by a country. An improvement in country risk ratings, or country creditworthiness, will lower a country's cost of borrowing and debt...

There exist several important benchmark indexes in environmental finance, some computed by well-known financial index providers such as the Dow Jones group and others by independent agencies specializing in environmentally and socially responsible investing in finance. The construction of these...

The country risk literature argues that country risk ratings have a direct impact on the cost of borrowings as they reflect the probability of debt default by a country. An improvement in country risk ratings, or country creditworthiness, will lower a country's cost of borrowing and debt...

As U.S. Treasury securities carry the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, they are free of default risk. Thus, their yields are risk-free rates of return, which allows the most recently issued U.S. Treasury securities to be used as a benchmark to price other fixed-income instruments....

This paper develops a generalized autoregressive conditional correlation (GARCC) model when the standardized residuals follow a random coefficient vector autoregressive process. As a multivariate generalization of the Tsay (1987, <italic>Journal of the American Statistical Association</italic> 82, 590–604)...

As environmental issues have become increasingly important in economic research and policy for sustainable development, firms in the private sector have introduced environmental and social issues in conducting their business activities. Such behaviour is tracked by the Dow Jones Sustainable...

Country risk has become a topic of major concern for the international financial community over the last two decades. The importance of country ratings is underscored by the existence of several major country risk rating agencies, namely the Economist Intelligence Unit, Euromoney, Institutional...