<Emphasis Type="Bold">Background: Information is lacking on the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness — in a real-life primary-care setting — of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonists (β2 agonists) as add-on therapy for patients whose asthma symptoms are...</emphasis>

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Background: Information is lacking on the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness — in a primary-care setting — of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) as an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for initial asthma controller therapy. <Emphasis Type="Bold">Objective: To compare the cost...</emphasis></emphasis>

Licensing promotes technology transfer and innovation, but enforcement of licensing contracts is often imperfect. We explore the implications of weak enforcement of contractual commitments on the licensing conduct of firms and market performance. An upstream firm develops a technology that it...

Brand proliferation is examined as an instrument of competition among established firms and as a means to limit entry in a model with both firm and product-specific differentiation. We find that the incentives to proliferate, the credibility of proliferation as an entry barrier, and the welfare...

In providing rewards to innovators, there is a tradeoff between patent length and breadth. This article provides conditions under which the optimal patent policy involves infinitely-lived patents, with patent breadth adjusting to provide the required reward for innovation.

Whether transmission contracts increase or mitigate market power depends crucially on the allocation of transmission rights. In an efficiently arbitraged uniform-price auction, generators will only obtain contracts that mitigate their market power. Contracts inherited or bought in a "pay-as-bid"...

This paper explores the relationship between the structure of the market for the refining and distribution of gasoline and the wholesale price of unbranded gasoline sold to independent gasoline retailers. Theoretically, the effect of an increase in vertical integration is ambiguous because...