The purpose of this article is to define the relationship between value of investments made by foreign investors in Poland and the total amount of their investment made by these investors in the world. The study includes the period 2005–2011 when the economic and financial crisis occurred in...

We discuss three models from the literature in which transportation costs play a critical role in evaluating international economic integration. One considers costs on intra-bloc trade, one those of extra-bloc trade, and one the relativity of the two. We then examine estimates of the actual...

Economists often argue that the level and structure of a country's trade barriers and the quality of its governance policies (for example, regulating foreign investment or limiting commercial activity with red tape) have a major influence on its economic growth and performance. One problem...

In the mid-1950s sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 3.1 percent of global exports. By 1990 this share had fallen to 1.2 percent. The authors of this report find that Africa's extensive loss of competitiveness played a key role in its decline in world trade. If Africa had merely retained its...

World Bank demographic and country characteristic statistics identify 16 small landlocked countries that are similar to Lesotho. The authors attempt to determine what useful policy information can be derived from the recent trade performance of these"comparators."Among questions they pose are...

Exports in the Middle Eastern countries should increase from $800 million to $900 million as a result of the tariff cuts agreed on in the Uruguay Round, according to the author.This represents an annual expansion of less than 1 percent. Projected gains are small because the erosion of tariff...