This paper seeks to address questions about both the need for the CommunityReinvestment Act (CRA) and its efficiency. Using data from a recent survey of theperformance and profitability of CRA-related lending activities, three main conclusionsemerge. First, there is evidence that a majority of...

Although credit scoring offers benefits to lenders and borrowers, its use raises important statistical issues that may affect the ability of scoring systems to accurately quantify an individual's credit risk. The evidence from a national sample of credit-bureau records suggests that concerns...

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977 encourages federally insured banking institutions to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including those of lower-income areas, in a manner consistent with their safe and sound operation. In responding to the CRA, many banking...

Consolidation among banking institutions has substantially changed the structure of the banking industry. Between 1975 and 1997, the number of commercial banks and savings associations declined more than 40 percent. Over the same broad period, the market for home mortgage lending has also...

Since 1977, the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) has required that federally insured banking institutions be evaluated on their records of helping to meet the credit needs of their local communities. In 1995, the agencies responsible for bank supervision substantially revised the regulations...

The past twenty years have been marked by major structural and regulatory changes in the banking industry. This article explores the relationships between these changes and the distribution of "brick and mortar" banking offices between 1975 and 1995. The analysis explores how population shifts,...