The implementation of economic reforms under new economic policies in India was associated with a paradigmatic shift in monetary and fiscal policy. While monetary policies were solely aimed at "price stability" in the neoliberal regime, fiscal policies were characterized by the objective of...

The credit crises are the consequences of demonetization process failure of MONEY-LIABILITY. To initiate a treatment of this process more "overshadowed" by the financial-banking system, it is required a comprehensive analysis of GLOBAL DEBT; GLOBAL GDP and the ratio between them called...

Although nominal interest rates are constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB), Central Banks can increase the monetary base (M0), e.g. by Quantitative Easing (QE). But the link, money multiplier, between M0 and the wider monetary aggregates has collapsed. Although QE was, nevertheless,...

Hasta 2008, el excedente de liquidez se caracterizó por mantenerse en niveles reducidos (Bs1.000 millones en promedio). Sin embargo, desde 2009 estos niveles se elevaron considerablemente (en febrero de 2010 superaron los Bs8.000 millones). La investigación busca las razones que determinaron...

The introduction and widespread use of credit cards increases trading efficiency but, by also increasing the velocity of money, it causes inflation, in the absence of monetary intervention. If the monetary authority attempts to restore pre-credit card price levels by reducing the money supply,...

This paper falls under the literature on weighted monetary aggregates that seeks to relax the assumption of perfect substitutability of assets implicit in the use of traditional monetary aggregates. Specifically, using the methodology recently proposed by Feldstein and Stock, an estimation is...

We study the relative positions of M1 and M2 in light of their relationships with four U. S. equity exchanges: S&P500, Dow Jones Industrial, Nasdaq, and Wilshire 5000 composite. It is demonstrated that a long-term equilibrium relationship does indeed exist. Short-run dynamics are also considered...

Central banks seem not to account for the influence of interest rates close to zero on the natural interest rate after the bursting of the asset bubble which triggered financial crisis. We claim that this omission may have deleterious consequences. Should interest rates close to zero...

The rate-of-return-dominance puzzle asks why low-return assets, like fiat money, are used in actual economies given that risk-free higher-return assets are available. As long as this question remains unresolved, most conclusions from monetary models which arbitrarily restrict the marketability...

The continuous regressions in the per capita income of the Sudanese people have triggered many suggestions to ameliorate their productive capabilities. One of them was the facilitating in financing programs through official channels. However, there are many structural impediments that inhibit...