We use panel data consisting of 96 countries and covering the period 1960–2000 to investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) and hub-and-spoke systems of FTAs on exports. Our empirical results imply an annual growth rate of 5.57% in exports, leading to a doubling of exports after...

In the presence of preferential trade agreements (PTAs), there are two distinct levels of economic geography-global economic geography (GEG) between a PTA bloc and the world and local economic geography (LEG) between a PTA member and its PTA bloc. Using OECD data, we empirically examine whether...

Along with export promotion (EP), import substitution (IS) is one of the two main trade strategies for developing countries. We show that an IS industry may remain an infant and still be able to export. Therefore, the ability to export is not necessarily evidence of import substitution being...

Along with export promotion (EP), import substitution (IS) is one of the two main trade strategies for developing countries. We show that an IS industry may remain an infant and still be able to export. Therefore, the ability to export is not necessarily evidence of import substitution being...

Summary We use panel data consisting of 96 countries and covering the period 1960-2000 to investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) and hub-and-spoke systems of FTA on exports. Our empirical results imply an annual growth rate of 5.57% in exports and hence a doubling of exports...

Recent theories and empirics suggest that trade openness increases production fragmentation across countries. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between trade openness and firms’ choice of vertical structure. We find supportive, firm-level evidence that upon trade liberalization,...

In educating students national public school systems use different methods of grouping students by ability across schools. We consider four different school systems of student allocation at different stages of schooling and their educational implications. Our two-period model suggests that both...

"Existing studies on the impact of outsourcing on relative wages and the demand for skilled workers mainly focus on aggregate outsourcing, in which imported intermediate inputs are used as a proxy. We depart from the existing studies by focusing on various types of outsourcing based on the...

The proliferation of overlapping free trade agreements (FTA) in recent years has led to pair-wise hub-and-spokes (HAS) throughout the world. Being avid subscribers to FTAs, many countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including the United States, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and...