There is an extensive theoretical literature based on what is called the scale-of-operations effect, i.e., the idea that the return to managerial ability is higher the more resources the manager influences with his or her decisions. This idea leads to various testable predictions including that...

This paper derives two main results. First, in a world where inheritance is sexual as opposed to asexual, second-best adaptations can be evolutionarily stable. That is, the adaptation selected need not be the optimal solution to the evolutionary problem at hand. Second, the author applies this...

Previous authors who have considered the issue of noncooperative entry deterrence have not found the free-rider problem to be a significant factor. These authors, however, have only considered models in which the exact investment needed to deter entry is known with certainty. The author adds...