? In the Japanese Professional Baseball League, the starting pitcher is announced prior to the game in the Pacific League …

fan interest. The introduction of random testing for performance-enhancing drugs (PED) by Major League Baseball (MLB …

We address potential racial bias by Major League Baseball umpires with respect to ball–strike calls. We offer a …

smoking is less prevalent among high school athletes than non-athletes. Baseball, in particular, is one of several sports … of play in college baseball and in the minor leagues. Major League Baseball bars its players from carrying smokeless …

High school baseball is very popular in Japan. All games of the high school baseball tournaments are publicly … broadcasted. This paper hypothesizes that high school baseball influences the happiness level of the Japanese. Individual level … high school baseball on happiness. Further, nostalgia for home influences migrants’ happiness, and this influence is …

This article investigates the effect of baseball's designated hitter rule on the number of hit batsmen, with a focus on … with their reputation in the baseball community, and that they do not necessarily respond to the rule change by throwing at … batters. Analyses of performance data of individual pitchers in a Japanese baseball league indicate that the rule did not …