This paper draws on a unique data set, hojok (household registers), to estimate numeracy levels in Korea, 1550 … considering the potential sources of upward bias inherent in the data. Therefore, the unusually high level of numeracy in East …, for example, the foundations of the human-capital based catch-up growth were laid very early. More broadly, we argue that …

This paper first draws on a unique data set, hojok (household registers), to estimate numeracy levels in Korea from the … estimate for East Asia. We find that numeracy was high by global standards, even considering the potential sources of upward … bias inherent in the data. Therefore, the unusually high level of numeracy in East Asia in the early 21st century was …

Using census-based data on the ability to recall one's age, we show that low levels of nutrition impaired numeracy in … shortages had a nonlinear effect on numeracy, with, severe shortages impairing numeracy more. Nutrition during childhood also … mattered for labor market outcomes: individuals born in periods or counties with low numeracy typically worked in occupations …

This paper uses the ability to recall one’s age correctly as an indicator of numeracy. We show that low levels of … nutrition impaired numeracy in industrializing England, 1780-1850. Numeracy declined markedly among those born during the war …

towards investment in education and growth in output per capita, a significant portion of the gains from trade in non …-industrial nations was channelled towards population growth. …

asymmetrically. The gains from trade were channeled towards population growth in non- industrial nations while in the industrial … nations they were directed towards investment in education and growth in output per capita. International trade enhanced the … comparative disadvantage in the production of skilled intensive goods. The focus on the interaction between population growth and …

sustained differences in population growth and income levels across countries. In industrial economies international trade …

hypothesis, we study the human capital of Inca Indios, using age-heaping-based techniques to estimate basic numeracy skills. We … find that Peruvian Inca Indios had only around half the numeracy level of the Spanish invaders. The hypothesis holds even …